Proto-Goblin language

The Proto-Goblin language was the common ancestor of all the Goblin languages, therefore was spoken by all Goblins before one point.

Consonants
The Proto-Goblin language had 14 consonant phonemes.

Not all of the consonants could appear in all positions:
 * were either lamino-alveolar or denti-alveolar
 * were apico-alveolar . could have also been possibly uvular
 * was alveolo-palatal
 * could only appear between two vowels in native vocabulary. It could also appear word-initially in loanwords.
 * could appear in all positions, except word-initially. Not even in loanwords could it appear word-initially.
 * Word-initial consonant clusters were not tolerated. Between two vowels, a consonant cluster could only be made up of 3 consonants, while word-finally, only two consonants.
 * In word-final consonant clusters, the first consonant could only be, or . The second could be any consonant, except.
 * Vowel clusters were not tolerated, and were broken up by an epenthetic in loanwords. The only exceptions were clusters that start with or end with,  or , which were converted into diphthongs.

Vowels
The Proto-Goblin language only had 5 vowel phonemes and 12 dipthongs, no vowel length distintion, no gemination, no tones.

Monophthongs

 * were true mid
 * was central

Grammar
Proto-Goblin was an SOV, accusative and agglutinative language characterized by an extensive use of prepositions and near absence of postpositions. The language made heavy use of affixes, attaching them to root words to create new words.

For affixes that modify the grammatical function of words, suffixes are preferred - for affixes that modify the meaning of a word, prefixes are preferred.

Nouns
In Proto-Goblin, nouns had no cases, and no conjugations, no grammatical gender.

Plural nouns could be marked by either reduplication, or specifying an exact (one, two, a hundred, etc.) or inexact (a few, many, lots of, several) number before the noun. During reduplication, word-initial become, turning the singular  (sibling) into a plural  (siblings).

Function of a noun is marked by a suffix. The most used suffixes were:
 * for marking accusative usage, marking a noun as the subject of a sentence
 * for marking possessive usage, marking a noun as the owner/possessor of the noun that is going to follow.
 * for marking objective usage, marking a noun the object of a sentence.
 * for marking locative usage (equivalent of English "in", "from", "to", "at", exact meaning is defined by the accompanying verb)

Since each sentence could only have one marked object (or list of objects), it was impossible to have an equivalent of "I give you " in Proto-Goblin - instead, they had to use "I give to you (end of sentence in the grammatical sence), ". Prepositions on nouns always precede any adjectives used to describe said noun.

Pronouns
There was no grammatical gender in Proto-Goblin.

Verbs
Verbs are not inflected for person or number, and they are not marked for tense; tense is instead denoted by time adverbs (such as "yesterday") or by other tense indicators, such as "moŕi" (already) and "mein" (not yet).

Adjectives
In Proto-Goblin, adjectives were formed from nouns or verbs by making them followed by the postposition "(r)air". Exceptions to this were very commonly used adjectives that were often just one syllable short.

Were often, adjectives aren't used as separate words, but as prefixes to a noun - in this usage, no postposition is necessary. For example, "yabubuda" (younger sibling) is an example of composing the words "yabu" (small, little) and "buda" (sibling) together - in contrast, the word "yaburair buda" would mean "(the) small sibling".

Adverbs
In Proto-Goblin, adverbs were analogous to adjectives, thus were formed from corresponding nouns or verbs by making them followed by the postposition "(r)eul". Exceptions to this were very commonly used adverbs that were often just one syllable short. Sometimes, adverbs were formed by taking very widely used adjectives and giving them a postfix "(o)l".

Numerals
The Proto-Goblin language used a base-8 / octal numerical system.

The denominators were:

In larger ordinal numbers, only the final number is presented as ordinal. For example, "the 23th" would be "giadis-nešra" - literally the 0o27th, because of the octal system, in other words, the ordinal form of $$(2*8^1)+(7*8^0)$$. Since the Proto-Goblin language did not tolerate gemination, "giad" and "dias" are concatenated into "giadis" instead of "giaddis".

Vocabulary

 * Words denoting size: yabu (small, little), musu (big, large)
 * Words of familiarity: buda (sibling), ogo (father), eše (mother), yabubuda (younger sibling), musubuda (older sibling), musurogo (grandfather), musureše (grandmother)
 * Words denoting relative directions: wol (up),, diub (right), arin (down), bor (left)
 * Words denoting times of day and geographical directions: mobwaka (east and morning/sunrise, literally "sun-wake"), mobarsi (west and evening/sunset, literally "sun-sleep"), taŕamob (south and noon, literally "strong-sun"), dienmob (north and night, literally "weak-sun")
 * The Four Elements: beul (earth), liawik (air), wius (water), diwus (fire)