Týrýng language

The Týrýng language is the language of the Empire of Týrýng.

Evolution from Old Týrýng

 * Chain shift of vowels: /u uː/ front to /y yː/, /o oː/ close to /u uː/, /ɑ ɑː/ close and round to /ɔ ɔː/, /æ æː/ open and back to /a aː/, /e eː/ open to /ɛ ɛː/. Only /i iː/ remain untouched.
 * /uj ow ɑw ej/ become /yː uː oː eː/ rather than /yj uw ɔw ɛj/
 * The original coda nasals /m n ŋ/ merge into one pseudo-phoneme /ɴ/
 * The original coda stops /p̚ t̚ k̚/ merge into one pseudo-phoneme /ʔ/
 * The original /ɸ x/ merge into the new /h/. /xʷ/ becomes /hw/.

Phonology
Each syllable consists of:
 * An optional initial consonant
 * A mandatory vowel
 * An optional coda-position glide or consonant: /j/, /w/, /ʔ/ or /ɴ/

Consonants

 * The voiced fricatives [β z ʑ ʝ ɣ ɣʷ] appear only for speakers who exhibit intervocalic lenition. Further detailed below.
 * [ɲ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɕ~d͡ʑ ɕ] are allophones of /n t͡sʰ t͡s s/ before the glide /j/ and the vowels /i iː/
 * [kʲʰ kʲ~gʲ ç] are allophones of /kʰ k h/ before the glide /j/ and the vowels /i iː/
 * [ɸ] is the allophone of /h/ before the glide /w/ and the vowels /u uː y yː/
 * The unaspirated stops and affricates /p t t͡s t͡sj k kʷ kj/ traditionally have the voiced allophones [b d d͡z d͡ʑ g gʷ gʲ] word-medially, but a number of speakers take this medial lenition further:
 * A large number of speakers exhibit intervocalic lention of the aforementioned unaspirated stops and affricates to [β ɾ z ʑ ɣ ɣʷ ʝ]. It is important to note that these speakers still use the voiced stops and affricates after nasals.
 * A smaller number of speakers exhibit further lenition, but selectively. The affricates /t͡s t͡sj/ are lenited to fricatives [z ʑ], but the non-sibilant stops /p t k kʷ kʲ/ are lenited to approximants [β̞ ð̞ ɰ w j] instead - keeping /ɾ/ and intervocalic /t/ separate -, optionally pronouncing intervocalic /p/ as [w] instead of [β̞].
 * The placeless stop /ʔ/ appears only in coda position, and its exact realization depends on the environment:
 * Gemination of the following consonant before other non-nasal consonants, also causing the following consonant to become tenuis (voiceless unaspirated) rather than aspirated or voiced as they would normally be in an intervocalic position.
 * Silent otherwise
 * The placeless nasal /ɴ/ appears only in coda position, and its exact realization depends on the environment:
 * nasalization of the preceding vowel word-finally and before other vowels
 * gemination of the following nasal, before a nasal
 * bilabial [m] before /pʰ p ɸ/
 * dental [n] before /tʰ t͡sʰ t t͡s ɾ s/
 * palatal [ɲ] before /t͡ɕʰ t͡ɕ ɕ ç j/
 * velar [ŋ] before /kʰ k/
 * labio-velar [ŋʷ] before /kʷʰ kʷ w/

Vowels
The language also has nasal vowels, which are allophones of word-final /Vɴ/ sequences.